Peter M Groffman, City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States, Emma J Rosi, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States, Claire Welty, Center for Urban Environmental Research, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Baltimore, MD, United States, Jonathan Duncan, Pennsylvania State University Main Campus, University Park, United States and Lawrence E Band, University of Virginia, Engineering Systems and Environment, Charlottesville, VA, United States