Thomas Lauvaux¹, Kevin R Gurney², Kimberly L Mueller³, Xinxin Ye⁴, Michel Ramonet¹, Michel Grutter⁵, Samya Pinheiro⁶, Jose Agustin Garcia-Reynoso⁷, Philippe Ciais¹, Jinghui Lian¹, Gregoire Broquet¹, Masahide Nishihashi⁸, Yukio Terao⁹, Kenneth J Davis¹⁰, Scott Richardson¹¹, Natasha Miles¹², Riley M Duren¹³ and Tomohiro Oda¹⁴, (1)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, (2)Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, (3)University of Michigan EWRE, Washington, DC, United States, (4)Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States, (5)UNAM, Atmospheric Science Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico, (6)Aria do brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (7)UNAM National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, DF, Mexico, (8)Meteorological Research Instit, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, (9)Natl Inst for Environ Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, (10)The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, University Park, PA, United States, (11)Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States, (12)Pennsylvania State University Main Campus, University Park, PA, United States, (13)Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, (14)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States