David J Schneider¹, Marianne Guffanti², Ian Lisk³, Larry G Mastin², Michael Pavolonis Sr.⁴, Andrew Craig Tupper⁵, Rory Clarkson⁶, Thomas Casadevall⁷ and Graham Rennie⁸, (1)US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, United States, (2)US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA, United States, (3)Met Office, Natural Hazards, Exeter, United Kingdom, (4)NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, United States, (5)Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, (6)Rolls-Royce, Derby, United Kingdom, (7)US Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO, United States, (8)Qantas Airlines, Sydney, Australia