Jennifer L Middleton¹, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay², Kassandra Costa³, Frank J Pavia^1,4, Gisela Winckler^1,5, Jerry F McManus^1,4, Marcelle d'Almeida², Charles H Langmuir⁶ and Peter J Huybers⁶, (1)Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (2)University of California Davis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Davis, CA, United States, (3)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (4)Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New York, NY, United States, (5)Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, New York, NY, United States, (6)Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States