Varad Deshmukh, University of Colorado Boulder, Computer Science, Boulder, United States, Elizabeth Bradley, University of Colorado at Boulder, Computer Science, Boulder, CO, United States, Thomas E Berger, University of Colorado, Space Weather Technology, Research, and Education Center, Boulder, CO, United States, James D Meiss, University of Colorado Boulder, Applied Mathematics, Boulder, United States and Naoto Nishizuka, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan