Zhen Li^1,2, Vera Pospelova², Roger Francois³, Lejun Liu⁴, Rui Zhou⁵, Bing Song⁶ and Xin Xie⁷, (1)University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, (2)University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, (3)University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, (4)First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China, (5)East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, (6)Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China, (7)Tongji University, Shanghai, China