Song Shu¹, Hongxing Liu², Richard A Beck³, Frederic Frappart⁴, Johanna Korhonen⁵, Min Xu⁶, Bo Yang⁷, Kenneth M Hinkel⁸, Yan Huang⁹ and Bailang Yu⁹, (1)Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States, (2)University of Alabama, Department of geography, Tuscaloosa, United States, (3)University of Cincinnati Main Campus, Cincinnati, OH, United States, (4)LEGOS Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France, (5)Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland, (6)The University of Alabama, Department of Geography, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States, (7)University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States, (8)University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, (9)East China Normal University, Shanghai, China