Mingquan Mu¹, James Tremper Randerson², Forrest M. Hoffman³, David M Lawrence⁴, William J Riley⁵, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks⁶, Abigail L. S. Swann⁷, Charles Koven⁵, Nathan Collier⁸ and Jiafu Mao⁹, (1)University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, (2)University of California Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States, (3)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational Earth Sciences Group and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (4)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (7)University of Washington, Atmospheric Sciences and Biology, Seattle, WA, United States, (8)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational Earth Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (9)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States