Fred L Ogden, NOAA Affiliate, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Office of Water Prediction, National Water Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States, Jefferson S Hall, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, Robert F Stallard, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama and Matthew Carl Larsen, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama