Volcanic eruptions are common phenomena and more than 50 volcanic eruptions have occurred in the US alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences. Many volcanic eruptions have precursory signals that last from days to months while the actual eruptive events can last several years or decades. Precursory signals, such as heightened seismicity, subtle changes in gas emissions, and ground deformation, can be detected when adequate ground- and satellite- based observations are available. Observations and samples obtained during run-up and eruption have great potential for providing key scientific insights into the physical and chemical processes that drive eruptions, and obtaining them requires careful planning and coordination within the volcanological community. We encourage submissions that describe successful scientific responses to past eruptions, detection of eruption precursors, and ideas for what future responses could and should look like.