The Sun's Meridional-Flow Measurements from Out-of-Ecliptic Observations

Abstract:

Most of our knowledge about the Sun's interior, including dynamics and
structures on both global and local scales, has been gained through observations
on Earth, near Earth, or along the Sun-Earth line. Observations from vantage
points off the Sun-Earth line will help us better monitor the Sun and better
understand its internal dynamics. Particularly, an out-of-ecliptic mission
will help us better determine the Sun's meridional flow in high-latitude
areas, both on the surface and in the shallow interior, which plays an
important role in the Sun's magnetic-flux transport and polarity reversals
but is yet not well determined. I discuss what meridional-flow measurements
can be done with an out-of-ecliptic solar polar mission.