Science Drivers and Design of a Wide Swath Imaging Spectrometer Compatible with the Earth Decadal Survey Surface Biology and Geology Designated Observable

Abstract:

In January 2018 the document, “Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space,” was released by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) designated observable was identified as an important priority to provide new measurements of the Earth with imaging spectroscopy in the visible to short wavelength infrared (VSWIR) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. SBG VSWIR spectroscopy is expected to contribute to Earth's surface geology, biology, ground/water, snow reflectivity, active geologic, processes, vegetation traits, and algal biomass. This diverse set of observables drives the design for an imaging spectrometer with high signal-to-noise ratio, 30-meter class spatial sampling and wide swath, excellent spectral-spatial uniformity, and stability to support accurate calibration. Based on these science drivers and building on three decades of imaging spectrometer experience we have developed a design that meets these needs and is achievable with currently available and mature technology. We present key elements of the science drivers for the spectral, radiometric, spatial, and uniformity observation characteristics and a wide-swath VSWIR imaging spectrometer design that is compatible with the SBG designated observable.