Opportunities to Revolutionize First Nations Drinking Water Governance in Canada

Abstract:

Purpose: First Nations in Canada experience a disproportionate burden of poor drinking water access and quality, which is reflected in the fragmented nature of the tri-governmental drinking water governance structures. The purpose of this project was to identify areas in which First Nations drinking water governance models in Canada can be revolutionized. The analytical framework established for this study aims to understand the unmet needs and circumstances unique to individual First Nations in Canada. Results will catalyze future research as well as highlight aspects of First Nations drinking water governance models that are in need of improvement or change.

Methods: Primary data from qualitative questionnaires and interviews from eight First Nations in Canada underwent a secondary analysis using an iterative qualitative approach with a drinking water governance scope. Results were examined through a three-principle framework of substantive equity, provision of culturally inclusive management, and safeguarding health, which was triangulated, to identify key barriers and opportunities for improved First Nations drinking water governance models.

Results: Based on initial secondary analysis of data, challenges of human and financial capacity as well as lack of transparent communication with the Canadian federal government, specifically in regard to budget transparency for drinking water treatment, are prevalent. Challenges and successes found in the data, that were then translated through the analysis framework, identified facilitators and best practices based on community knowledge as well as barriers of current First Nations drinking water governance models.

Interpretation: When it comes to First Nations drinking water governance in Canada, there is no ‘one-size-fits all’, which is emphasized with the heterogeneity underlying the framework used for analysis.

Conclusion: First Nations drinking water governance requires a multi-faceted and integrated approach and findings from this project identify some recommendations for revolutionising First Nations drinking water governance in Canada to ensure the safeguarding of First Nations health and equitable outcomes.