Removal of lead from saturated porous media using nano-hydroxyapatite under various environmental factors: Laboratory experiments and stochastic modeling

Abstract:

This study quantified the usage of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) for the remediation of lead (Pb²⁺)-contaminated soil, by focusing on the mobility and reaction kinetics of nHAP and Pb²⁺ in saturated porous media. Laboratory experiments and stochastic model analysis showed that environmental factors, including ionic strength, ionic component, fluid velocity and dissolved organic matter (DOM), affected transport and transformation of nHAP and Pb²⁺, which could be quantified by a fractional advection-dispersion-reaction model. Model simulation and evaluation in this study shed light on the immobilization of Pb²⁺ using DOM modified nHAP in groundwater under various environmental conditions.