Water sustainability in the Mediterranean region under climate change: Case studies in Spanish Basins

Abstract:

Because of the combination of low precipitation and high temperature, the coastal and interior regions of Spain have been facing water-related stress in the form of frequent droughts. The recurring droughts have been causing a significant amount of water stress in the Mediterranean region. As the climate change projections for the region show a further increase in temperature and a simultaneous decrease in precipitation, the future water sustainability is further exacerbated. The trends in precipitation, streamflow, and groundwater level were studied for Segura, Jucar, and Tajo Basins in Spain. Analysis indicate an overall decrease in streamflow in all three basins for 1980 to 2000 and a groundwater level surge in Segura (drastic decrease) and Jucar (slight decrease) basins for the period of 1990 to 2010. These hydrologic trends along with projected increase in future water demand with increasing temperature indicate the need for adaptation to ensure water sustainability. The research recommends natural interventions such as artificial groundwater recharge to overcome water insecurity issues in the region. The case studies in the Segura, Jucar, and Tajo Basins indicate long-term drying trend and high drought vulnerability.