Jonathan Rae¹, Kyle R Murphy², Andrew Inglis³, Clare Watt⁴, Alexa Jean Halford⁵, Alexander W Degeling⁶, Mark A. Clilverd⁷, Craig J Rodger⁸ and Quanqi Shi⁶, (1)Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, (2)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, United States, (3)Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States, (4)Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (6)Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China, (7)British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (8)University of Otago, Department of Physics, Dunedin, New Zealand

Hiroyo Ohya¹, Takuya Miyashita¹, Fuminori Tsuchiya², Mitsunori Ozaki³, Kazuo Shiokawa⁴, Yoshizumi Miyoshi⁵, Nozomu Nishitani⁶, Tomoaki Hori⁶, Mariko Teramoto⁷, Martin G Connors⁸ and Simon G Shepherd⁹, (1)Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, (2)PPARC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (3)Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, (4)ISEE, Nagoya Univ, Aichi, Japan, (5)ISEE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (6)Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (7)Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata, Japan, (8)Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada, (9)Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, United States

Jinxing Li¹, Jacob Bortnik², Qianli Ma³, Wen Li⁴, Xiaochen Shen⁴, Toshi Nishimura⁵ and Xin An¹, (1)University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (2)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)UCLA, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (5)Boston University, Boston, United States

Chia-Lin Huang¹, Harlan E. Spence², Katharine Duderstadt², Timothy Raeder², Sonya S Smith², J Bernard Blake³, Joseph F. Fennell⁴, Seth G Claudepierre⁵, Drew L. Turner⁶, Geoffrey D Reeves⁷, David M Klumpar⁸, John Glen Sample⁸, Arlo Johnson⁸, Mykhaylo Shumko⁸ and Alexander B Crew⁶, (1)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (2)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (3)The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (4)The Aerospace Corp, Space Sciences Department, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)The Aerospace Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States, (6)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (7)Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, (8)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States

Joshua Pettit¹, Cora Randall², Ethan D Peck³ and V Lynn Harvey¹, (1)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Colorado, Boulder, United States, (3)Tamr, Cambridge, NY, United States

Isabella M Householder¹, Katharine Duderstadt¹, Chia-Lin Huang¹, J Bernard Blake², Alexander B Crew³, Arlo Johnson⁴, David M Klumpar⁴, Timothy Raeder¹, John Glen Sample⁴, Mykhaylo Shumko⁵, Sonya S Smith¹ and Harlan E. Spence¹, (1)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (2)The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (4)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Timothy Raeder¹, Chia-Lin Huang¹, Katharine Duderstadt¹, J Bernard Blake², Alexander B Crew³, Arlo Johnson⁴, Craig Kletzing⁵, David M Klumpar⁴, Anthony Saikin⁶, John Glen Sample⁴, Mykhaylo Shumko⁷, Sonya S Smith¹ and Harlan E. Spence¹, (1)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (2)The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (4)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (5)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (6)University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Wei Xu¹, Robert Andrew Marshall¹, Hilde Nesse Tyssøy² and Xiaohua Fang³, (1)University of Colorado at Boulder, Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Bergen, Birkeland Centre for Space Science (BCSS), Department of Physics and Technology, Bergen, Norway, (3)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States

Katharine Duderstadt¹, Chia-Lin Huang¹, J Bernard Blake², Alexander B Crew³, Arlo Johnson⁴, Isabella M Householder¹, David M Klumpar⁴, Daniel Robert Marsh⁵, Timothy Raeder¹, John Glen Sample⁴, Mykhaylo Shumko⁶, Sonya S Smith¹, Harlan E. Spence¹ and Francis Vitt⁵, (1)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (2)The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (3)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (4)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (5)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Luisa Capannolo¹, Wen Li¹, Harlan E. Spence², Arlo Johnson³, Mykhaylo Shumko³, John Glen Sample³ and David M Klumpar³, (1)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (2)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (3)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States

Robyn M Millan¹, Thomas Sotirelis², John Glen Sample³, Leslie A Woodger⁴, Brady Alexander Alexander Griffith³, Romina Nikoukar⁵, Wen Li⁶, Aleksandr Ukhorskiy⁷, Arlo Johnson³, Luisa Capannolo⁶ and Mykhaylo Shumko³, (1)Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States, (2)Johns Hopkins Univ, Laurel, MD, United States, (3)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States, (4)Dartmouth College, Physics & Astronomy, Hanover, NH, United States, (5)Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (6)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (7)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States

Reihaneh Ghaffari and Christopher M Cully, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada