Ping Chang^1,2, Shaoqing Zhang^2,3, Gokhan Danabasoglu^2,4, Stephen G Yeager^2,4, Haohuan Fu^5,6, Hong Wang^2,3, Frederic S Castruccio^2,4, Yuhu Chen⁷, Jim Edwards^2,4, Dan Fu^8,9, Yinglia Jia^10,11, Lucas Laurindo^11,12, Xue LIU^13,14, Nan A Rosenbloom^2,4, Justin Small^2,4, Gaopeng Xu^8,11, Yunhui Zeng¹⁵, Qiuying Zhang^11,16, Julio T Bacmeister^2,4, David A Bailey^4,14, Xiaohui Duan¹⁷, Alice K DuVivier^4,18, Dapeng Li^13,14, Yuxuan Li¹⁷, Richard B Neale¹⁹, Achim Stössel^13,14, Li Wang¹⁵, Yuan Zhuang¹⁵, Allison H Baker^14,20, Susan C Bates⁴, John Dennis⁴, Xiliang Diao¹, Bolan Gan³, Abishek Gopal^8,11, Dongning Jia⁷, Zhao Jing^3,11, Xiaohui Ma^3,11, Ramalingam Saravanan^14,21, Gary Strand⁴, Jian Tao^11,22, Haiyuan Yang^11,23, Xiaoqi Wang^14,24, Zhiqiang Wei⁷ and Lixin Wu^3,7, (1)Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States, (2)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction (iHESP), College Station, TX, United States, (3)Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, (4)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Tsinghua University, Wuxi National Supercomputer Center, Beijing, China, (6)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction, College Station, TX, United States, (7)Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, (8)Texas A&M University, Oceanography, College Station, United States, (9)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction (iHESP), College Station, United States, (10)Ocean University of China, Qingdao, United States, (11)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP), College Station, United States, (12)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, United States, (13)Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States, (14)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP), College Station, TX, United States, (15)Jinan National Supercomputing Center, Jinan, China, (16)Texas A&M University, College Station, United States, (17)Tsinghua University, Wuxi National Supercomputing Center, Beijing, China, (18)International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP), College Station, CO, United States, (19)NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States, (20)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, TX, United States, (21)Texas A & M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States, (22)Texas A&M University, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, United States, (23)Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, (24)Texas A&M University, Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States

Iris Elisabeth de Vries^1,2, Rein Haarsma¹, Hylke de Vries¹ and Sybren S Drijfhout¹, (1)Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands, (2)ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland

Omar Müller, University of Reading, Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Reading, RG6, United Kingdom; CEVARCAM, FICH, Universidad Nacional del Litoral & CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina, Pier Luigi Vidale, University of Reading, Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Reading, United Kingdom, Benoit Vanniere, University of Reading, Reading, RG6, United Kingdom, Reinhard Schiemann, National Center for Atmospheric Science, Reading, United Kingdom and Patrick C McGuire, University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, and Department of Geography & Environmental Science, and National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Reading, RG6, United Kingdom

Luca Bertagna, Oksana Guba, Mark A Taylor, James Foucar, Andrew M Bradley and Andrew Salinger, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States

Colin M. Zarzycki, Pennsylvania State University Main Campus, University Park, PA, United States

Cathy Hohenegger¹, Daniel Klocke², Luis Kornblueh¹, Rene Redler¹, Tobias Becker¹, Martin Bergemann¹, Guido Cioni¹, Jan Frederik Engels³, Uwe Schulzweida¹ and Bjorn B Stevens¹, (1)Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, (2)Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany, (3)DKRZ, Hamburg, Germany

Jiaxiang Gao, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Shoshiro Minobe, Hokkaido Univ-Grad. School Sci, Natural History Sciences, Sapporo, Japan, Malcolm J Roberts, Met Office Hadley center for Climate Change, Exeter, United Kingdom, Rein Haarsma, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands, Dian Putrasahan, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, The Ocean in the Earth System, Hamburg, Germany, Christopher Roberts, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, Enrico Scoccimarro, INGV National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Forli, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia/Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy, Laurent Terray, CERFACS, Toulouse, France, Benoit Vanniere, University of Reading, Reading, RG6, United Kingdom and Pier Luigi Vidale, University of Reading, Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Reading, United Kingdom

Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro¹, Louis-Philippe Caron¹, Pablo Ortega², Saskia Loosveldt Tomas¹ and Malcolm J Roberts³, (1)Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain, (2)Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Earth Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, (3)Met Office Hadley center for Climate Change, Exeter, United Kingdom

Liran Peng, University of California Irvine, Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States, Mike S Pritchard, University California Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States, Patrick Worley, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, Peter N Blossey, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Christopher Stephen Bretherton, University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, United States and Walter Hannah, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States