Predictions of future atmospheric CO₂ levels are influenced by global carbon and nutrient cycles, climate interactions, and feedbacks to the Earth system. Relevant processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales and vary across terrestrial, coastal, and marine ecosystems. Uncertain biogeochemical feedbacks may be altered by anthropogenic disturbance agents, including tropospheric O₃, changes in nutrient and hydrological cycles, eutrophication, acidification, land cover/land use change, and potential climate intervention strategies. This session focuses on integrated understanding of feedback mechanisms that impact Earth system predictability, methods for evaluating and benchmarking process representations in Earth system models, approaches for constraining future climate projections (e.g., emergent constraints), and novel applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning to improve predictive understanding of global biogeochemical cycles.

• ESA: Ecological Society of America -
• WCRP: World Climate Research Programme -