In the next decade new ground- and space-based instrumentation will provide unprecedented observations of the solar atmosphere. The synergy between modeling effort and comprehensive analysis of these observations is crucial for the understanding of the physical processes behind the observed phenomena. However, the unprecedented wealth of data on one hand, and the complexity of the physical phenomena on the other, require the development of new approaches in both data analysis and numerical modeling. This session focuses on recent modeling efforts of the solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona, with emphasis on inter-comparison of models and observations. Contributions are welcome on the synergistic efforts between models and current observations (e.g. SDO, Hinode, SST, BBSO, DST, IRIS, ALMA), as well as new findings and challenges we expect to encounter from the analysis of upcoming observations as those that will be acquired by DKIST and SolO.