Interconnected physical and geobiological systems in the subglacial environment modulate modern ice-sheet processes. Floating ice shelves restrain the flow of continental ice and, thus, changes within them can lead to acceleration of ice with direct impacts on the subglacial environment and global sea level. A holistic view of the extent, magnitude, and timescale of glaciological, geochemical, geomorphic, hydrological, and geobiological processes in sub-ice sheet and sub-ice shelf environments can help refine our quantification of past, present, and future ice-sheet states.This session aims to bring together studies from a variety of fields to explore how modern observations and models of sub-ice systems can improve our interpretation of paleoclimate records and how inferences from paleoclimate records can help contextualize the relevance and magnitude of modern sub-ice processes. We encourage contributions that cover a wide-range of methods in order to improve our collective process-to-paleo perspective.