The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled tropical waves (CCTWs) serve as the dominant source of Earth system predictability on the subseasonal time scale and are a known driver of high-impact climate and weather events across the globe.

Despite notable progress in recent decades, many fundamental questions about the MJO and CCTWs still remain unanswered, and they are poorly represented in many Earth system and weather prediction models.

We solicit presentations of observational, theoretical, modeling, and predictability studies that target process-level understanding of the MJO and CCTWs and enhanced representation of them in the weather and climate models. Specific topics of interest include but not limited to:

• New observations of key processes;
• Interactions with the Maritime Continent landmasses and stratospheric variability;
• Data-driven (AI/ML) mechanism studies and model development efforts;
• Development of hierarchical modeling frameworks and process-oriented diagnostics/metrics; and
• Prediction skill and predictability assessment in the dynamical and ML models.