When paleoclimatologists study the distant warm periods, we do so to better understand our future. A common dilemma, however, is that the temporal resolution of available records is typically >thousands of years, much longer than the human life span and therefore less informative for the short-term carbon and climate feedbacks, near-term climate projection, mitigations and policy making. Studies of “deep-time” yet with a high-temporal-resolution view are much needed.

We solicit contributions from both the data and model perspectives with the goal of resolving climate variability on seasonal-, decadal- to centennial-timescales in past greenhouse climates. Certain sedimentary and fossil archives (e.g., varved deposits and accretionary carbonate skeletons) have the resolution and continuity to provide the necessary data. Novel applications of geochemistry (e.g., δ¹⁸O of single forams) also provide useful insights. Model simulations of relevant climate dynamical and carbon cycling processes from a greenhouse world are also welcomed.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences