Demand continues to grow for spatially and temporally resolved activity data, along with improved measurement and modeling approaches to estimate GHG emissions and removals from the land sector, and assessments using that information to determine future GHG mitigation potentials. The need is driven by carbon markets (e.g., California’s Cap-and-Trade Program), international reporting requirements (e.g., UNFCCC), new standards established through policy programs (e.g., the global stock-take associated with the Paris Agreement), and GHG mitigation initiatives such as REDD+, Trillion Trees, and the 4 per mille soil carbon initiative. This session focuses on advances in support of estimating past and projecting future anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals for the land sector. Advancements will improve reporting and planning of activities associated with reducing GHG emissions and enhancing sinks, informing scientists, policy makers, and land managers about the contribution of land use to current emission patterns and potential role in future GHG mitigation programs.