Biomass feedstocks for bioenergy (short rotation woody crops, perennial and annual grasses, oilseed crops, etc.) represent emerging pathways of renewable energy production. Recent field and laboratory trials have led to increased productivity and output of these systems. However, there are both known and unknown tradeoffs between enhanced growth and resource demands. This session highlights recent advancements in understanding how bioenergy crops interact with ecosystem processes including water, nutrient, and carbon cycles. We invite studies from both field and laboratory trials designed to quantify these processes through empirical and modeling approaches.