Geospace Concussion: Global reversal of ionospheric vertical plasma drift in response to a sudden commencement

Xueling Shi1,2, Dong Lin2, Wenbin Wang2, Joseph B. H. Baker3, James M Weygand4, Michael Hartinger5, Viacheslav G Merkin6, J. Michael Ruohoniemi3, Kevin H Pham7, Haonan Wu8, Vassilis Angelopoulos9, Kathryn A McWilliams10, Nozomu Nishitani11 and Simon G Shepherd12, (1)Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States, (2)National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, United States, (3)Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States, (4)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (5)Space Science Institute Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)The Johns Hopkins University, APL, Laurel, United States, (7)National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States, (9)University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (10)University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, (11)ISEE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (12)Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, United States