New Insights into the Substorm Initiation Sequence from the Spatio-temporal Development of Auroral Electrojets: Relative Locations of Pre-onset Flow Divergence and Auroral Breakup

Shinichi Ohtani, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, Tetsuo Motoba, JHU/APL, Laurel, MD, United States, Jesper W Gjerloev, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, United States, Harald U Frey, University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, Ian Robert Mann, University of Alberta, Department of Physics, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Peter J Chi, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States and Haje Korth, Johns Hopkins Univ, Laurel, United States