Kinetic Origin of Bulk Energy Conversion in the Electron Diffusion Region of Magnetopause Reconnection: MMS Observations and PIC Simulations

Jason R Shuster1,2, Daniel J Gershman2, Barbara L Giles2, Naoki Bessho1,2, Shan Wang1, A Surjalal Sharma3, Li-Jen Chen2, Harsha Gurram1,4, John Dorelli2, Jonathan Ng5, Vadim Uritsky2,6, Paul Cassak7, Steven Schwartz8, Richard Eugene Denton9, James L Burch10, James Webster11, Roy B Torbert12, William R Paterson13, Conrad Schiff2, Adolfo F Viñas14, Levon A Avanov15, Julia E Stawarz16, Tak Chu Li17, Yi-Hsin Liu17, Matthew R Argall18, Arya S Afshari19, Dominic Payne20, Frederick D Wilder21, Kevin James Genestreti18 and Daniel da Silva15, (1)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (3)University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, (4)University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States, (5)University of Maryland College Park; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, College Park, United States, (6)Catholic University of America, Washington, United States, (7)Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States, (8)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, United States, (10)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, United States, (11)Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (12)University of New Hampshire, Durham, United States, (13)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (14)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (15)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (16)Imperial College London, Space and Atmospheric Physics, London, SW7, United Kingdom, (17)Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States, (18)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (19)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (20)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, (21)University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States