A Direct Numerical Simulation of Langmuir Circulations with Nonhydrostatic Free-surface Model: Dynamical Analysis of Driving Mechanism and Comparison with Vortex Force Formulation

Yasushi Fujiwara, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Japan, Yutaka Yoshikawa, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Kyoto, Japan and Yoshimasa Matsumura, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan