Defining indices of ecosystem variability using biological samples of fish communities: a generalization of empirical orthogonal functions

James Thorson, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA, United States, Lorenzo Ciannelli, Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States and Michael Litzow, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States