Andrey Yu Proshutinsky¹, Richard A Krishfield², Mary-Louise Timmermans³, William James Williams⁴, John Toole², Sarah Zimmermann⁵, Elena Golubeva⁶, Gennady Platov⁶, Eiji Watanabe⁷, Georgy Manucharyan⁸, Thomas W. K. Armitage⁹ and Dmitry S Dukhovskoy¹⁰, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (3)Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, (4)Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada, (5)Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada, (6)ICMMG, Novosibirsk, Russia, (7)Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, (8)California Institute of Technology, Environmental Sciences and Engeiering, Pasadena, CA, United States, (9)University College London, London, United Kingdom, (10)Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States