Changes in ocean water masses reveal accumulation of the climate's excess heat in the Atlantic Ocean

Jan David Zika1, Jonathan M Gregory2, Elaine McDonagh3, Alice Marzocchi4 and Louis Clement3, (1)University of New South Wales, Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney, Australia, (2)National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, (3)National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, (4)University of Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States