Yun Yang, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Shang-Ping Xie, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States, Lixin Wu, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, Yu Kosaka, University of Tokyo, La Jolla, CA, United States and Jianping Li, Institute of Atmopsheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China