Fei Tian¹, Robert S Pickart², Peigen Lin², Bridget Ovall², Phyllis J Stabeno³, Thomas Weingartner⁴, Motoyo Itoh⁵, Takashi Kikuchi⁵, Elizabeth L Dobbins⁴, Shaun W Bell³, Rebecca A Woodgate⁶ and Zhaomin Wang¹, (1)Hohai University, China, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (3)NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States, (4)University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (5)JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, (6)Univ Washington, Seattle, WA, United States