Mohamed Ahmed, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, Brent Else, University of Calgary, Department of Geography, Calgary, AB, Canada, Brian Butterworth, University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Madison, WI, United States, David W Capelle, University of Manitoba, Centre for Earth Observation Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, Lisa Ann Miller, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada and Tim N Papakyriakou, Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada