Jianqiang Li¹, Robert S Pickart², Peigen Lin², Kevin R Arrigo³, Laurie W Juranek⁴, James H Swift⁵, Frank Bahr² and Yang Xiao-Yi⁶, (1)United States, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, (3)Stanford University, Earth System Science, Stanford, CA, United States, (4)Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, (5)UCSD/SIO, La Jolla, CA, United States, (6)Xiamen University, Xiamen, China