Michael A Alexander, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Science Division, Boulder, CO, United States, Sang-Ik Shin, University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO, United States, James D Scott, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, Enrique N Curchitser, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States and Charles A Stock, NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ, United States