Yoshinari Endo, The Open University of Japan, Sendai, Japan, Yuma Sato, Kaneryo Sea Vegetable Corp., Osato-cho, Japan, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hakodate, Japan and Igor Dovgal, Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas RAS, Sevastopol, Russia