Yuri Artioli¹, Jerry Blackford², Momme Butenschon³, James Clark¹, Giovanni Galli¹, James Harle⁴, Jason T Holt⁵, Gennadi Lessin¹, Sonja van Leeuwen⁶, Johan van der Molen⁶, Claudia Gabriela Mayorga Adame^1,7, Tiago Silva⁸, Jonathan Tinker⁹, Sarah Wakelin⁵ and J Icarus Allen¹, (1)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (2)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, MEMP, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (3)Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation, Bologna, Italy, (4)National Oceanography Centre, UK, Liverpool, United Kingdom, (5)National Oceanography Center, Liverpool, United Kingdom, (6)Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands, (7)National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom, (8)Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, United Kingdom, (9)Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom