Gerard D McCarthy¹, Charles N Flagg², Loic Houpert³, Chris W. Hughes⁴, Mark Inall⁵, Kerstin Jochumsen^6,7, Karin Margretha Husgard Larsen⁸, Christopher S Meinen⁹, Ben I Moat³, Monika Rhein¹⁰, Claudia Schmid¹¹, Stuart A Cunningham⁵, Caroline Cusack¹² and N. Penny Holliday³, (1)Maynooth University, ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth, Ireland, (2)Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States, (3)National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, (4)University of Liverpool, School of Environmental Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom, (5)Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom, (6)University of Hamburg, Institute of Experimental Oceanography, Hamburg, Germany, (7)Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Hamburg, Germany, (8)Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, (9)Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Physical Oceanography Division, Miami, FL, United States, (10)Univ Bremen, FB1, Bremen, Germany, (11)NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL, United States, (12)Marine Institute Ireland, Oranmore, Ireland