Yan Sun, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States, Robert S Pickart, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, Peigen Lin, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Oceanography,, Shanghai, China, Astrid Pacini, Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, United States, Andreas Macrander, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karin Margretha Husgard Larsen, Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Hjálmar Hátún, Faroe Marine Research Institute, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Jian Lan, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China and Ahmad Fehmi Dilmahamod, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Physical Oceanography, Kiel, Germany