The development of Single-Turnover Active Fluorometry (STAF) for autonomous assessment of phytoplankton photosynthetic activity and primary production at high spatial and temporal resolution

Nina Schuback1,2, Mark Moore3, Alison Chase4, Raul R. Costa5, Giselle F Firme6, Ben Fisher7, Patrick Clifton Gray8, Tom Jordan9, Carlos R.B. Mendes5, Gavin H Tilstone9 and Kevin Oxborough10,11, (1)Chelsea Technologies Ltd, Yateley, United Kingdom, (2)Swiss Polar Institute, Sion, Switzerland, (3)University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton, United Kingdom, (4)University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, United States, (5)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Instituto de Oceanografia, Rio Grande, Brazil, (6)University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Sydney, Australia, (7)Heriot-Watt University, Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (8)University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, Orono, ME, United States, (9)Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (10)Chelsea Technologies Ltd, Yately, United Kingdom, (11)University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom