Loreley Lago, PhD¹, Robert S Pickart², Peigen Lin³, Frank Bahr², Kevin R Arrigo⁴, Seth L Danielson⁵ and Motoyo Itoh⁶, (1)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, (3)Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Oceanography, Shanghai, China, (4)Stanford University, Earth System Science, Stanford, United States, (5)University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fairbanks, United States, (6)Japan Marine Sci & Tech Ctr, Yokosuka, Japan