Peigen Lin¹, Robert S Pickart², Frederic Cyr³, Frank Bahr² and Stephen Snook⁴, (1)Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Oceanography,, Shanghai, China, (2)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, United States, (3)Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada, (4)Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, Canada