Deyuan Zhang¹, Zhanhong Ma¹, Lijing Cheng², Yanluan Lin³, Fanghua Xu⁴, Zhengguang Zhang⁵, Yunxia Zheng⁶, Jianfang Fei¹ and Michael E Mann⁷, (1)College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, (2)Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (3)Tsinghua University, Department of Earth System Science, Beijing, China, (4)Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, (5)Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Academy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, (6)Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China, (7)Penn State University, University Park, United States