Chris W W Hughes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM, Saranraj Gururaj, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Rory J Bingham, University of Bristol, School of Geographical sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom, Adam Tobias Blaker, National Oceanography Centre, Marine Systems Modelling, Southampton, United Kingdom, Emma Boland, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Andrew Styles, NERC British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom and Dani Jones, University of Michigan, Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, United States