Xabier Davila, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, Brynnydd Hamilton, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States, Geoffrey Gebbie, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole, United States, Michael Paul Meredith, NERC British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom and Elaine McDonagh, Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Bergen, Norway