Toste S Tanhua¹, Lucie Anna Christa Maria Knor, PhD¹, Richard Sanders², Michael Oellermann³, Peter Landschützer⁴ and Jacqueline Behncke⁵, (1)GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (2)NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, (3)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany, (4)Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Ostend, Belgium, (5)Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany