Freya Elizabeth Sykes¹, Mohamed Ezat¹, Adele Westgård¹, Gavin L Foster², Julie Meilland^3,4, Thomas Ben Chalk⁴, Melissa Chierici⁵, Bjørg Risebrobakken⁶ and Andy Milton⁷, (1)iC3: Centre for ice, Cryosphere, Carbon and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, (2)University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton, United Kingdom, (3)CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence Cedex, France, (4)Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Technopole Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France, (5)Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway, (6)NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, (7)University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom