Naoya Takahashi, Niigata University, Faculty of Science, Niigata, Japan, Takeshi Doi, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0011, Japan, Malte F Stuecker, International Pacific Research Center and Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States, Niklas Schneider, Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, United States and Masami Nonaka, JAMSTEC, Application Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan