Jennifer J Freer¹, Guang Yang², Nadine M Johnston³, Clara Manno¹, Daniel Mayor⁴, Kathryn Cook⁵, Gabriele Stowasser¹ and Geraint Tarling³, (1)NERC British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (2)Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, , Qingdao, China, (3)British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (4)University of Exeter, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, United Kingdom, (5)University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom